What are the symptoms of bipolar disorder?
Suicide
What is the history of bipolar disorder? Children and young people can bipolar disorder?
What are the causes of bipolar disorder?
Treated as bipolar disorder?
Other diseases do not occur together, with bipolar disorder?
As individuals and families can get help for bipolar disorder?
What about clinical trials for bipolar disorder?
Additional Information
Credentials
Bipolar disorder, also called manic-depressive disease known, is a brain disorder that causes unusual shifts in the working mood, energy and ability of a person. In contrast to the ups and downs that everyone goes through normal symptoms of bipolar disorder are severe. You can relationships, work or school under performance, and even suicide. But there is good news: bipolar disorder can be treated, and people with this illness can lead full and productive lives.
More than 2 million American adults, 1 or 1 percent of the population 18 years and older in a given year, 2 have bipolar disorder. Bipolar disorder typically develops in late adolescence or adulthood. However, some people have their first symptoms during childhood, and some develop them late in life. Often it is not recognized as a disease, and can suffer for years before they are properly diagnosed and treated. Such as diabetes or heart disease, bipolar disorder is a long-term illness that must be carefully managed throughout a person's life.
"Manic depression distorts moods and thoughts, incites dreadful behaviors, destroys the basis of rational thought, and too often undermines desire to live and will. This is a disease that originated in biology, but are felt in the psychological experience of it , a disease that is unique in transmission of advantage and pleasure, yet one that is almost unbearable brings suffering in its wake and is not infrequently, suicide.
"I'm glad he did not die from my illness with the best medical care available, and fortunate to family and friends, colleagues, family and what I need to do, got, happy."
Kay Redfield Jamison, Ph.D., a restless spirit, 1995, p. Six.
(With permission of Alfred A. Knopf, a division of Random House, Inc. Reprint)
What are the symptoms of bipolar disorder?
Bipolar disorder causes dramatic mood swings from overly-"high" and / or irritable sad and hopeless, and then again, often with periods of normal mood in between. Significant changes in energy and behavior go with these changes in mood. The times, the highs and lows are called episodes of mania and depression.
Signs and symptoms of mania (or a manic episode) include:
- Increased energy, activity and restlessness
- To "high" in a good mood, euphoric
- Extreme irritability
- Racing thoughts and talking very fast, jumping from one idea to another
- Distracted, can not concentrate well
- Needed little sleep
- Unrealistic ideas in their own abilities and powers of a
- Folly
- Shopping Spree
- A period lasting behavior is different from usual
- Increased sexual desire
- Substance abuse, including cocaine, alcohol and sleeping pills
- , Pushy or sexually aggressive behavior,
- Denial that anything is wrong
A manic episode is diagnosed if elevated mood occurs with three or more of the other symptoms most of the day, nearly every day, for 1 week or more. If the mood is irritable, four additional symptoms must be present.
Signs and symptoms of depression (or a depressive episode) include:
- , Durable O sad state of mind, anxious, empty
- Feelings of hopelessness or pessimism
- Feelings of guilt, worthlessness or helplessness
- Of activities enjoyed loss of interest or pleasure once, including sex
- Decreased energy, a feeling of fatigue or of being "slowed down"
- Difficulty concentrating, remembering or making decisions
- Restlessness or irritability
- Sleeping too much or can not sleep
- Changes in appetite and / or unintended weight loss or weight gain
- Caused chronic pain or other physical symptoms that are not sustained by physical illness or injury
- Thoughts of death or suicide, or suicide attempts
A depressive episode is diagnosed if five or more of these symptoms last all day, almost every day, for a period of two weeks or more.
Mild to moderate mania is called hypomania. Hypomania may well on the person who experiences it and may even be associated with good functioning and increase productivity to feel. Therefore, even when friends and family learn to recognize the mood swings as possible bipolar disorder, the person may deny that anything is wrong. Without proper treatment, however, hypomania can cause severe mania to be or to switch into depression in some people.
Sometimes, severe episodes of mania or depression include symptoms of psychosis (or psychotic symptoms). Common psychotic symptoms are hallucinations (hearing, seeing, or feeling, otherwise the presence of things not really) (not rooted false beliefs influenced by logical reasoning or explained by the usual cultural concepts of the person) and delusions. Psychotic symptoms in bipolar disorder tend to reflect the extreme mood state at the time. For example, delusions of grandeur, as a creditor is the President or has special powers or wealth, may occur during mania; Delusions of guilt or worthlessness, such as believing that one ruined and penniless, or to commit a horrible crime, while depression appear. People with bipolar disorder who have these symptoms are sometimes misdiagnosed as having schizophrenia, another severe mental illness diagnosed.
It may be helpful to think of the various mood states in bipolar disorder as a spectrum or continuous range. At one end is severe depression, above which is moderate depression and low mood, so sweet, how many call "The Blues" when it referred only of short duration, but "dysthymia" when it is chronic. Then there is normal or balanced state of mind over the coming hypomania (mild to moderate mania), and then severe mania.
In some people, however, symptoms of mania and depression can together in a so-called mixed bipolar state occur. Symptoms of a mixed state often restlessness, insomnia, significant change in appetite, psychosis, and suicidal thoughts. A person can a state very sad and hopeless to have mood while feeling very excited.
Bipolar disorder appear to be a problem as a disease, such as alcohol or drug abuse mental, poor school or work performance, or strained between abuse. These problems could be an indication of a disorder of mood.
The diagnosis of bipolar disorderAs with other mental illnesses, bipolar disorder can not yet be identified physiologically, for example, a blood test or a brain scan. Therefore, the diagnosis of bipolar disorder on the basis of symptoms, course of the disease and, when available, family history. The diagnostic criteria for bipolar disorder Mental Disorders in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual described, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV). 3 |
Descriptions of people with bipolar disorder offered provide valuable information about the different moods with the disease:
Depression: I doubt completely my ability to do something well. It seems that my mind has slowed down and to the point that virtually useless burned .... [I am] haunt [ed] ... with the total, the desperate hopelessness of it all .... Others say: " It is only temporary it is, it is, "but of course they have no idea how I feel, but are not sure what to do. If I can not feel move, think or care, while on earth is the point?
Hypomania: At first when I high, it is enormously ... ideas are fast ... like shooting stars you seem to follow to clear .... All shyness disappears, the right words and gestures are suddenly. People .. uninteresting things very interesting. Sensuality is pervasive, the desire to seduce and be seduced is irresistible. Your marrow is infused with unbelievable feelings of ease, power, well-being, omnipotence, euphoria ... you can do anything ... but somewhere this changes.
Mania: The fast ideas become too fast and there are too overwhelming confusion replaces clarity ... you stop ... keep up with it-memory goes. Humor longer contagious fun. Scare your friends .... everything is against you ... irritable, angry, frightened, uncontrollable, and trapped.
Suicide
Some people with bipolar disorder become suicidal. Anyone considering suicide needs immediate attention, preferably from a doctor or psychologist. Who talks about suicide should be taken seriously. Suicide risk appears early in the disease course. Therefore, recognizing bipolar disorder early and learning how best to manage it may decrease the risk of death by suicide.
Signs and symptoms that may accompany suicidal thoughts include:
- to want to talk about suicide or dying
- hopeless is that change or improve anything
- Powerlessness that we do not make a difference
- Feeling like a burden to family and friends
- Alcohol or drug abuse
- things in order (eg, organizing finances or giving goods for death prepare one)
- wrote a farewell letter
- be at risk, or in situations where the risk of death
If you are suicidal or know someone who:
|
While some suicide attempts are carefully planned over time, others are impulsive acts that have not well thought out; therefore the last point in the above table can be an effective long-term strategy for people with bipolar disorder. Anyway, it is important to understand that suicidal thoughts and actions are symptoms of a disease that can be treated. With proper treatment, suicidal thoughts can be overcome.
What is the history of bipolar disorder?
Episodes of mania and depression typically recur throughout life. Between episodes, most people with bipolar disorder are free of symptoms, but not less than one third of patients with residual symptoms. A small percentage of people experience chronic unremitting symptoms despite treatment. 4
The classic form of the disease, recurrent episodes of mania and depression involves is as bipolar disorder develop Some people never but a severe mania episodes of mild hypomania that alternate with depression;. Way the disease is called bipolar II disorder. When four or more episodes of illness occur within 12 months, it is said that a person with bipolar disorder rapid cycling. Several people multiple episodes within a week or even within the same day experience. Rapid cycling tends in the course of the disease at a later time to develop and is more common in men than in women.
People with bipolar disorder can lead healthy and productive lives when the illness effectively (see below-"How is bipolar disorder?"). Without treatment, however, is the natural course of bipolar disorder tends to worsen. Over time a person may suffer (fastest bike) more frequent and severe as the experienced manic and depressive episodes, when the disease appeared fifth And in most cases the correct treatment can help reduce the frequency and severity of episodes and can help with bipolar disorder good quality of life to get people upright.
Children and young people can bipolar disorder?
Children and adolescents can develop bipolar disorder. It is more likely to affect the children of parents who have the disease.
Unlike many adults with bipolar disorder, the consequences are more clearly defined in the rule, children and adolescents with the illness often experience changes very fast mood swings between depression and mania many times a day. 6 children with mania rather be irritable and prone to destructive crisis very happy and excited. Mixed symptoms also are common in youths with bipolar disorder. Older adolescents who may develop the disease several episodes and symptoms of classic adult type.
Bipolar disorder in children and adolescents, it may be difficult to distinguish from other problems that may occur in these age groups. For example, while irritability and aggressiveness can indicate bipolar disorder, they may also be symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, or other types most common in adults, including mental disorders, severe depression or schizophrenia. Drug abuse lead to such symptoms.
For diseases, however, effective treatment depends on appropriate diagnosis. Children or adolescents with emotional and behavioral symptoms should be carefully examined by a psychiatrist. A child or adolescent, the suicidal thoughts, talking about suicide or suicide attempt, has to be taken seriously and should help immediately by a specialist receive mental health.
What are the causes of bipolar disorder?
Scientists are learning about the possible causes of bipolar disorder through several kinds of studies. Most scientists agree that there is no single cause for bipolar disorder, but many factors play together to produce the illness.
Since bipolar disorder tends to run in families, researchers looking for specific genes-the microscopic "building blocks" of DNA inside all cells that influence how the body and mind work and grow-passed down through generations, the the chances of developing the disease may increase in a person. But genes are not the whole story. Studies of identical twins who share the same genes, indicate that both genes and other factors play a role in bipolar disorder. If bipolar disorder were caused entirely by genes, then the identical twin of someone with the disease is would always develop the illness, and research has shown that this is not the case. But if one twin has bipolar disorder, the other twin is more likely to develop the illness than is another sibling. 7
Moreover, the results of genetic research suggest that bipolar disorder, like other mental illnesses, not due to a single gene occur. 8 seems likely that many different genes interact, and in combination with other factors of the person or environment person in order to cause bipolar disorder. The discovery of these genes, each of which carries only a small amount in the direction of the susceptibility to bipolar disorder, extremely difficult. But scientists expect that the advanced research tools currently used, lead to these discoveries and new and better treatments for bipolar disorder.
Brain imaging studies help scientists learn what's wrong in the brain goes from bipolar disorder and other mental illnesses to produce. 9.10 new imaging techniques can take pictures of the living brain at work, the researchers examined their structure and activity, without the need for surgery or other invasive procedures. These techniques include magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). There is evidence from imaging studies that the brains of people with bipolar disorder may differ from the brains of healthy people. The differences are more clearly identified and defined through research, scientists a better understanding of the underlying causes of illness, and eventually may be able to predict what kind of treatment will work most effectively.
Plus - How Bipolar disorder treatment is not ....
This publication, written by Melissa Spearing of NIMH, is a revision and update of an earlier version by Mary Lynn Hendrix. Scientific information and reviews of NIMH Director Steven E. Hyman, MD, and other NIMH staff Matthew V. Rudorfer, MD, and Jane L. Pearson, Ph.D. Editorial assistance is provided by Clarissa K. Wittenberg, Margaret Strock, and Lisa D. Alberts of NIMH provided.
All information contained in this publication are in the public domain and may be copied or reproduced without the permission of the Institute. Indication of the source is appreciated.
NIH publication no. 02-3679
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