What are the symptoms of bipolar disorder?
Suicide
What is the course of bipolar disorder? Children and young people have bipolar disorder?
What are the causes of bipolar disorder?
How is bipolar disorder?
Other diseases occur collaboration with bipolar disorder?
As individuals and families can get help for bipolar disorder?
What clinical trials for bipolar disorder?
Additional Information
Credentials
Bipolar disorder, also known as manic-depressive illness, is a brain disorder that causes unusual shifts in a person's mood, energy and ability to function. Mixed ups and downs that everyone goes through, the symptoms of bipolar disorder are severe. They can result in damaged, poor performance at work or at school, relationships, and even suicide. But there is good news: bipolar disorder can be treated, and people with this illness can lead full and productive lives.
More than 2 million adults, 1 or 1 percent of the U.S. population aged 18 or more in one year old, have two bipolar disorder. Bipolar disorder typically develops in late adolescence or adulthood. However, some people have their first symptoms during childhood, and some develop them late in life. Often not recognized as an illness, and people may for years before they suffer properly diagnosed and treated. Like diabetes or heart disease, bipolar disorder is a long-term illness that must be carefully managed throughout a person's life.
"Manic depression distorts moods and thoughts, stimulates terrible behavior destroys the basis of rational thought, and too often undermines desire to live and will. This is an illness that is biological in its origins, but feels in the psychological experience of it , a disease in conferring advantage and pleasure is unique, but one that in its wake almost unendurable suffering and, not infrequently brings suicide.
"I'm glad I'm not dead my illness would be the best medical care available, and fortunate enough to have friends, colleagues have received, and I do."
Kay Redfield Jamison, Ph.D., a sharp mind, 1995, p. 6
(Reprinted by permission of Alfred A. Knopf, a division of Random House, Inc.)
What are the symptoms of bipolar disorder?
Bipolar disorder causes dramatic mood swings from overly "high" and / or irritable sad and hopeless, and then back again, often with periods of normal mood in between. The most important changes in energy and behavior go along with these changes in mood. The times, the highs and lows are called episodes of mania and depression.
Signs and symptoms of mania (or a manic episode) include:
- Increased energy, activity, and restlessness
- To "high" to good mood, euphoric
- Extreme irritability
- Racing thoughts and talking very fast, jumping from one idea to another
- Distracted, can not concentrate well
- Little sleep needed
- Unrealistic expectations in the capacity and powers of a
- Poor judgment
- Shopping Spree
- Period lasting behavior is different from usual
- Increased sexual desire
- Drug abuse, including cocaine, alcohol and sleeping pills
- Provocative behavior, intrusive or aggressive
- Denial that anything is wrong
A manic episode is diagnosed if elevated mood occurs with three or more of the other symptoms most of the day, nearly every day, for 1 week or more. If the mood is irritable, four additional symptoms must be present.
Signs and symptoms of depression (or a depressive episode) include:
- Permanent State sad, anxious or empty mood
- Feelings of hopelessness or pessimism
- Feelings of guilt, worthlessness or helplessness
- Of activities enjoyed loss of interest or pleasure once, including sex
- Decreased energy, a feeling of fatigue or of being "slowed down"
- Difficulty concentrating remember, or make decisions
- Restlessness or irritability
- Sleeping too much or can not sleep
- Changes in appetite and / or unintended weight loss or gain
- Chronic pain or other persistent bodily symptoms that are not caused by physical illness or injury
- Thoughts of death or suicide, or suicide attempts
A depressive episode is diagnosed if five or more of these symptoms last most of the day, nearly every day, for a period of two weeks or more.
Mild to moderate mania is called hypomania. Hypomania may well be the person who experiences them and may even feel be associated with good functioning and increase productivity. Even when family and friends learn to recognize the mood swings as possible bipolar disorder, the person may deny that anything is wrong. Without proper treatment, however severe mania hypomania can become or can switch into depression in some people.
Sometimes, severe episodes of mania or depression include symptoms of psychosis (or psychotic symptoms). Common psychotic symptoms are hallucinations (hearing, seeing, or otherwise sensing the presence of things not real) and delusions (false beliefs rooted not by logical or own cultural concepts influenced by the creation of a person declared). Psychotic symptoms in bipolar disorder tend to reflect the extreme mood state at the time. For example, delusions of grandeur, as a believer is the President or has special powers or wealth, while mania occur; Delusions of guilt or worthlessness, such as believing that one ruined and penniless, or has committed a terrible crime, may appear during depression. People with bipolar disorder who have these symptoms are sometimes misdiagnosed as schizophrenia, a severe mental illness.
It may be helpful to think of the various mood states in bipolar disorder as a spectrum or continuous range. At one end is severe depression, above which is moderate depression and low light mood, which many "Blues to the" if it referred only of short duration, but "dysthymia" when it is chronic. Then there is normal or balanced state of mind, over the coming hypomania (mild to moderate mania), and then severe mania.
In some people, however, symptoms of mania and depression symptoms may occur together in a so-called mixed bipolar state. Of a mixed state often include agitation, trouble sleeping, significant change in appetite, psychosis, and suicidal thoughts. A person can be a very sad mood to have hope while I excited.
Bipolar disorder may appear, other than by the example of mental illness, such as alcohol or drug abuse, poor school or work performance, or interpersonal relationships be tense problem. These problems could be signs of a disorder of mood.
The diagnosis of bipolar disorderAs with other mental illnesses, bipolar disorder can not yet be identified physiologically, for example, a blood test or a brain scan. Therefore, a diagnosis of bipolar disorder based on the symptoms, progression of the disease has, and if the family history is. The diagnostic criteria for bipolar disorder are described in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) 3. |
Descriptions that give offered by people with bipolar disorder valuable information about the different moods with the disease:
Depression: I doubt completely my ability to do something well. It seems my mind has slowed down and at the point that virtually useless burned .... [I am] haunt [ed] ... with the total lack of any desperate hope .... Others say, "It is only temporary, it will happen, it will, "but of course they have no idea how I feel, but we are sure that they do. If I do not feel, move, think or care, while on earth is the point?
Hypomania: At first when I high, it is enormously ... ideas are fast ... like shooting stars you follow until you see the whites .... All shyness disappears, the right words and gestures are suddenly uninteresting. humans .., things get interesting. Sensuality is pervasive, the desire to seduce and be seduced is irresistible. Your marrow is infused with unbelievable feelings of ease, power, well-being, omnipotence, euphoria ... you can do anything ... but somewhere this changes.
Mania: The fast ideas become too fast and there are too many ... overwhelming confusion replaces clarity ... stop keeping up with it-memory goes. Not to entertain infectious humor. Scare your friends .... everything is against you ... irritable, angry, frightened, uncontrollable, and trapped.
Suicide
Some people with bipolar disorder to suicidal thoughts. Everyone suicide needs immediate attention, preferably from a professional medical or mental health. Who is talking about suicide should be taken seriously. Suicide risk appears earlier in the course of the disease. Therefore recognize bipolar disorder and learn how best can manage to reduce the risk of death by suicide.
Signs and symptoms that may accompany suicidal thoughts include:
- Suicidal thoughts or talk about death wish
- is hopeless, that nothing will change or better
- Helplessness that nothing we do makes a difference
- feel like a burden, family and friends
- Alcohol or drug abuse
- put your affairs in order (eg, organizing finances or giving possession to prepare for one's death)
- He wrote a farewell letter
- be at risk, or in situations where there is a risk of death
If you feel suicidal or someone you know:
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While some suicide attempts are carefully planned over time, others are impulsive acts that have not well thought out; Therefore, the end point in the above table may be an effective long-term strategy for people with bipolar disorder. Anyway, it is important to understand that suicidal thoughts and actions are symptoms of a disease that can be treated. With proper treatment, suicidal thoughts can be overcome.
What is the course of bipolar disorder?
Recurring episodes of mania and depression in general throughout life. Between episodes, most people with bipolar disorder are free of symptoms, but not less than one-third of people have some residual symptoms. A small percentage of people, which occur in the treatment of chronic unremitting symptoms 4.
The classic form of the disease, recurrent episodes of mania and depression involves, is called bipolar disorder Some people, however, never develop severe mania but who experience episodes of hypomania that alternate with mild depression. This form of the disease is called bipolar II disorder. When four or more episodes of illness occur within 12 months, some people say a person with bipolar disorder rapid cycling. multiple episodes within a week or even once experience. Rapid cycling tends in the course of the disease at a later time to develop and is more common in women than in men.
People with bipolar disorder can lead healthy and productive lives when the illness or loss (see below: "How is bipolar disorder?"). Without treatment, however, is the natural course of bipolar disorder tends to worsen. Over time a person may suffer more frequent (more rapid-cycling) and severe than that experienced when the disease appeared manic and depressive episodes. 5 but in most cases the correct treatment can help reduce the frequency and severity of episodes and can help with bipolar disorder good quality of life to get people upright.
Children and young people have bipolar disorder?
Children and adolescents can develop bipolar disorder. It is more likely to affect the children of parents who the disease.
Unlike many adults with bipolar disorder, whose episodes tend to be more clearly defined, children and young people with the disease are often very fast mood changes between depression and mania often experience in the day. 6 children with mania rather irritable and prone to destructive to be crisis very happy and pleased. Mixed symptoms are also more common in adolescents with bipolar disorder. Older adolescents who may develop the disease more classic episodes and symptoms of adult type.
Bipolar disorder in children and adolescents can be distinguished only with difficulty from other problems that may occur in these age groups. For example, while irritability and aggressiveness can indicate bipolar disorder, they can also be symptoms of attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity, conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, or other types more common in adults, as his depression or schizophrenia, severe mental disorders. Drug abuse can lead to such symptoms.
For diseases, but effective treatment depends on appropriate diagnosis. Children and adolescents with emotional and behavioral problems should be carefully evaluated by a mental health professional. Every child or adolescent who has suicidal thoughts should speak to be taken seriously about suicide or suicide attempts, and should help immediately by a specialist receive mental health.
What are the causes of bipolar disorder?
Scientists learn about the possible causes of bipolar disorder through several kinds of studies. Most scientists agree that there is no single cause for bipolar disorder, but many factors act together to produce the illness.
Since bipolar disorder tends to run in families, researchers for the genes-the microscopic "building blocks" of specific DNA inside all cells that influence, passed as the body and mind work and grow searched generations that the chances of developing of the disease can increase in a person. But genes are not the whole story. Studies of identical twins who share the same genes, show that genes and other factors play a role in bipolar disorder. If bipolar disorder were caused entirely by genes, then the identical twin of someone with the disease is would always develop the illness, and research has shown that this is not the case. But if one twin has bipolar disorder, the other twin is more likely the disease than other brother is to develop 7.
Moreover, the results of genetic research suggest that bipolar disorder and other mental illnesses, not due to a single gene can occur. 8 seems likely that many different genes act together, and in combination with other factors of the person or person the environment in order to cause bipolar disorder. The discovery of these genes, each of which carries only a small amount in the direction of the susceptibility to bipolar disorder, extremely difficult. But scientists expect that the advanced search features are currently being used and these discoveries lead to new and better treatments for bipolar disorder.
Imaging studies help learn what's going wrong in the brain to produce bipolar disorder and other mental illnesses scientists. 9:10 new imaging techniques allow researchers to take pictures of the living brain at work, without reviewing its structure and activity, the need for surgery or other invasive procedures. These techniques include imaging magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). There are indications that the images of the brains of people with bipolar disorder may differ from the brains of healthy people. As the differences are more clearly identified and defined through research, scientists better understand the causes of the disease and may eventually be able to predict what kind of treatment will be most effective.
Plus - How is bipolar disorder ....
This publication, written by Melissa Spearing of NIMH, is a revision and update of an earlier version by Mary Lynn Hendrix. Scientific information and review were of NIMH Director Steven E. Hyman, MD, and other NIMH staff Matthew V. Rudorfer, MD, and Jane L. Pearson, Ph.D. provided assistance was by Clarissa K. Wittenberg, Margaret Strock, and asked Lisa D. Alberts of NIMH available.
All information contained in this brochure are publicly available and can be copied or reproduced without the permission of the Institute. Citation of the source is appreciated.
NIH Publication No. 02-3679
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